Fungo que cresce em Chernobyl pode proteger astronautas dos raios cósmicos
Cientistas sugerem a construção de escudos para colonos de Marte a partir de fungos autocurativos e absorventes de radiação, como uma forma de proteger os astronautas dos raios cósmicos, partículas elementares como prótons e núcleos atômicos que viajam pelo espaço a velocidades próximas da velocidade da luz.
Pesquisa realizada nas Universidades Johns Hopkins e Stanford pode ter encontrado uma solução: um tipo de fungo que cresce perto da usina nuclear de Chernobyl, chamado Cryptococcus neoformans, e que tem a capacidade de absorver os raios cósmicos. Integrado ao tecido dos trajes, o fungo poderia ajudar a proteger os astronautas durante caminhadas espaciais.
Um experimento feito à bordo da Estação Espacial Internacional (ISS) mostrou que uma fina camada deste fungo, com apenas 2 mm de espessura, foi capaz de absorver 2% dos raios cósmicos que a atingem. Segundo os cientistas, uma camada de 21 cm de espessura seria o bastante para proteger completamente viajantes a caminho de Marte, por exemplo. Uma possibilidade levantada por eles é a mistura do fungo no tecido de trajes espaciais, tornando-os mais seguros.
Cryptococcus neoformans (Fonte: Business Insider/NASA/JPL/Caltech)
No caso do fungo, ele absorve a radiação gama do ambiente por meio da melanina e a converte em energia por meio de um processo semelhante à fotossíntese das plantas – que absorvem o CO2 através da clorofila e o convertem em oxigênio e glicose.
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